Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
What is hematuria?
Hematuria is the presence of blood in a person’s urine. The two types of hematuria are- gross hematuria—when a person can see the blood in his or her urine
- microscopic hematuria—when a person cannot see the blood in his or her urine, yet it is seen under a microscope
What is the urinary tract?
The urinary tract is the body’s drainage system for removing wastes and extra fluid. The urinary tract includes- two kidneys
- two ureters
- the bladder
- the urethra
What causes hematuria?
Reasons people may have blood in the urine include- infection in the bladder, kidney, or prostate
- trauma
- vigorous exercise
- viral illness, such as hepatitis—a virus that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver
- sexual activity
- menstruation
- endometriosis—a problem in women that occurs when the kind of tissue that normally lines the uterus grows somewhere else, such as the bladder
- bladder or kidney cancer
- inflammation of the kidney, urethra, bladder, or prostate—a walnut-shaped gland in men that surrounds the urethra and helps make semen
- blood-clotting disorders, such as hemophilia
- sickle cell disease—a genetic disorder in which a person’s body makes abnormally shaped red blood cells
- polycystic kidney disease—a genetic disorder in which many cysts grow on a person’s kidneys
Who is more likely to develop hematuria?
People who are more likely to develop hematuria may- have an enlarged prostate
- have urinary stones
- take certain medications, including blood thinners, aspirin and other pain relievers, and antibiotics
- do strenuous exercise, such as long-distance running
- have a bacterial or viral infection, such as streptococcus or hepatitis
- have a family history of kidney disease
- have a disease or condition that affects one or more organs
What are the symptoms of hematuria?
People with gross hematuria have urine that is pink, red, or brown. Even a small amount of blood in the urine can cause urine to change color. In most cases, people with gross hematuria do not have other signs and symptoms. People with gross hematuria that includes blood clots in the urine may have bladder pain or pain in the back.How is hematuria diagnosed?
A health care professional diagnoses hematuria or the cause of the hematuria with- a medical history
- a physical exam
- urinalysis
- additional testing
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